Mechanical testing of cancellous bone (Bio-mechanics) Essay

Mechanical testing of cancellous bone (Bio-mechanics) - Essay Example In this way, the plotting of pressure bends was finished. Basing on the catch and the slant of the chart got in this investigation, compressive quality, the solidness, the zero strain point, just as the disappointment strain were then determined. It was discovered that thickness was in legitimately extent with the three mechanical properties (firmness, quality, and disappointment strain) for tests from porcine, just as cow-like bone. Following these outcomes, it was finished up thusly, that the mechanical conduct of harmful bone in both pig and the cow is practically comparable despite the fact that it was to some degree lower in the dairy animals tests comparative with that from porcine. Trabecular bone or the carcinogenic bone is the permeable material that frequently speak to a kind of rigid tissue shaping bones (Jee, 1996). Exploration demonstrates that trabecular bone has a higher surface region comparative with different kinds of bony tissues (Foss, 1992). Opposite, it has been found to have less thickness and firmness (Currey, 1987). Apparently, the destructive bone mechanical conduct is to some degree like the other related cell materials including the polymeric. This is a result of its having a cell structure comprising of the associated system of plates and poles (Bursten, and Frankel, 1999). There are contributing components to the harmful bone quality with bone thickness distinguished as one such factor. As per WHO (1994) there is have to decide the break dangers utilizing bone mineral thickness. It is additionally significant that other than the thickness of the bone, testing conditions, just as the types of the creature are fundamental elements influenci ng the solidness and quality of destructive bones (Bell, Olive and Grabb, 1988). From the investigated collection of writing, it is clear that there are various analyses that have been directed with a perspective on assessing the thickness, and quality of a bone. Be that as it may, there are restricted examination led on ward of the quality of the destructive bone on either

Critical Response to Lackoff and Johnson’s Metaphors Essay Example for Free

Basic Response to Lackoff and Johnson’s Metaphors Essay The allegory is fundamental to human idea. Unmistakably this is the rule theory introduced in Metaphors We Live By (1980). Undoubtedly, the theory is contained unmistakably inside the title of the content. However, maybe the most striking point about the contention introduced by these two etymologists is communicated in the possibility that language is a ground-breaking weapon of power by which individuals live and through which they cooperate. â€Å"Argument is war† is one proclamation that communicates this thought obviously and is bolstered by the different instances of contentious discourse that utilization action words related either with physical victory and overwhelming, or with the direct inverse, devastation and overwhelmed shortcoming. One of the most convincing parts of the contention in Metaphors (1980) is the idea that individuals subliminally incorporate lovely creative mind and expand talk into their discourse, in spite of the regularly unremarkable ordinary undertakings about which their considerations and activities spin. The job of language, at that point, is profoundly addressed. The fundamental issue is the way we, individuals, identify with the world and one another. The contention from Lackoff and Johnson might be that we conceptualize our lives and consequently we identify with our general surroundings in a calculated manner. There is, be that as it may, a troublesome in this manner endeavoring to dissect our utilization of language utilizing language. All things considered, definitions and elements of words, the very focal point of phonetics, all assume an indispensable job in the scientific procedure of the human brain. It’s something like the etymological adaptation of the chicken and the egg. Which started things out, ideas or language? When we state that time is cash and use articulations like, â€Å"you’re squandering my time†, might it be able to be that the idea that time is cash risen as a real pragmatic thought and in this way formed into a calculated idea? Similarly as the case of the â€Å"apple-juice-chair†, an evidently foolish stage as a rule, can have a feasible importance in a given setting, it appears to be conceivable that allegorical ideas, for example, â€Å"time is money† and â€Å"argument is war†, prompting the augmentation of the allegory in language, for example, â€Å"you’re squandering my time†, could essentially have gotten their logical significance after some time.

Soft Skills to Help Your Career Hit the Big Time

Soft Skills to Help Your Career Hit the Big Time When you are applying for a job, you shouldn’t just focus on your technical ability to perform in the role. You also need to show the employer your behavior and characteristics are the right match for the company â€" you need to show you have the soft skills to help in your career.In this guide, we’ll outline what these soft skills are and why they matter so much in the modern workplace. We’ll then reveal the five soft skills you need to have to make it and to help your career hit the big time. WHAT ARE SOFT SKILLS?Let’s start by examining the definition of soft skills. What makes a specific skill a soft skill instead of a hard skill? In the context of the workplace, soft skills are character traits and interpersonal skills, which characterize how the person behaves with other people. They are, essentially, about what kind of person you are rather than what kind of knowledge you have about things. Soft skills are more often intangible and non-technical.They can be sometimes referred to as transferable or personal skills. Soft skills are less specialized and they are not rooted in a specific vocation â€" they are useful in all profession and anyone, regardless of the profession, will benefit from them. They are often personality-driven and relate to your attitudes and intuitions.Because soft skills are less technical and closely connected to your personal characteristics, they can be harder to obtain than hard skills. It’s not quite as easy to perfect soft skills â€" ind eed, it’s not possible to be a master of a soft skill in the same technical way as it is in terms of a hard skill such as welding.What are hard skills?Hard skills, on the other hand, are specific, teachable abilities people can possess and learn. They can be measured and defined in detail.An example of a hard skill would be things like reading, cooking, accounting and so on.WHY DO YOU NEED TO CARE ABOUT SOFT SKILLS?Hard skills are, of course, important in order to perform well in a given job. You can’t really be a great surgeon unless you know how to use the scalpel and you can’t be a good taxi driver if you don’t know how to drive a car. Does this mean soft skills don’t matter?Soft skills are actually crucial for succeeding in any job â€" you will need to get along with other people in all sorts of tasks and therefore, your characteristics and behaviors will play a key role. In fact, there is a lot of research to suggest employers are extremely focused on their employeesâ €™ soft skills. Here’s a summary of some of the studies and surveys showing employers care about soft skills:Employers prefer soft skills over technical abilities, according to research done by The Society for Human Resource Management.Majority of companies in a CareerBuilder.com study said soft skills are equally important to hard skills.The American Psychological Association has found that bosses prefer the candidates who are likeable and friendly to those who are self-promotional. Essentially, bosses want people who have a good grasp of soft skills.A study published in the Journal of Education for Business showed how managers are now paying extra attention to communication and analytical skills, both of which are counted as soft skills.The above shows that when you are participating in the job market, the employer is not going to just look at your technical abilities. Your education, work experience and expertise matters but it’s also important to showcase your characteristic s as well.The bottom line is this: human interaction is required to some extent in all professions. You can’t find a role where soft skills wouldn’t play a role â€" certainly, it can be more important in others (customer service roles, for example) but your characteristics will be important in all jobs. Therefore, it is important to understand what the important soft skills are in the modern job market and how to improve your skills.THE 5 CRUCIAL SOFT SKILLS TO HELP YOUR CAREER HIT THE BIG TIMESo, employers pay more attention to soft skills in today’s job market. But while employers are looking for candidates with soft skills, they are not finding them to be as abundant as it might seem. In a LinkedIn survey, hiring managers revealed how 59% of them believed soft skills are hard to come by in modern employees. If you can highlight soft skills, you might have an advantage in your job hunt.So, what soft skills are the most important? Where should your focus be? Based on the Link edIn study and another one conducted by Monster.com, the following five soft skills are the ones you want to focus on.Communication skillsIn almost all research into soft skills, communication skills come out as the most important skill. Communication skills include both oral and written skills â€" your ability to express things in writing and speaking. It isn’t a big surprise, as communication skills are universal. You can’t really succeed in life if you aren’t good at expressing and explaining things.For the modern job candidate, the ability to communicate is essential in boosting your chances of landing a job. You need to be able to communicate clearly and politely. It’s important to get your message across in ways that different people can relate to and understand.You must focus on your speaking and writing skills. You can find great communication tips from the below YouTube video by Brian Tracy: But it’s also important to focus on the non-active communication skills. This means improving your listening skills â€" you need to be able to give people space to talk and you must be able to listen actively rather than just waiting for your turn.Furthermore, communication skills also include non-verbal skills. Your body language can have an important role in how perceptive people are to your message.OrganizationEmployers also emphasize organizational skills and things such as punctuality and detail-orientation. The modern workplace is a complex place and employees need to be able to stay focused and work effectively in different types of conditions. You need to be able to take the initiative and stay focused on the tasks without constant supervision or guidance.Job descriptions have become more complex and employers want to find employees who are able to take on a variety of tasks. Workplaces are operating on tight schedules and limited resources â€" you need to be able to perform well even when you are under pressure.Furthermore, employers want punctu ality. No one wants to hire someone who doesn’t stick the schedules, show up on time and who isn’t able to manage time efficiently.TeamworkOf course, the modern workplace isn’t just about being able to work under pressure on your own. Today’s work environment can include people from different generations, sexualities and backgrounds. Getting along with different people and showing respect is the key to succeeding in the workplace. You must be polite, friendly and respectful even to people you might not agree with.Even in many solitary roles, you will need to be able to show you are working for the team. The team might be the larger organization or the client â€" you can’t just think about yourself.You want to be one of those people who work for the greater good and who aren’t afraid to help their team members or going the extra mile for clients. People who are good at mentoring and helping others are valuable for the modern employer. These people offer to help new employ ees, assist those who are struggling and those who aren’t afraid of sharing their skills and knowledge.Critical thinkingSome have argued we now live in a post-truth world. Fake news is on everyone’s lips and it isn’t any wonder employers are looking for employees with good critical thinking skills. Employers want employees who are able to see the facts and think for themselves. You are entering a workplace, not a day-care centre.What’s valuable in the modern world is an employee who is able to take a critical look at things around them and to solve problems without someone telling them what to do. You need to be someone who is able to step back, evaluate a situation and then come up with the right solution.You can’t be afraid to take action but you must also be able to take the right action â€" you can’t do things based on a hunch but knowledge. You shouldn’t rush decisions or tasks, even when you are working on a tight schedule. Take a breather and spend time analysin g the situation â€" it will help you solve the problem quicker in the long run. AdaptabilityFinally, the surveys show employers are looking for employees who can adapt and be flexible. As mentioned above, the modern workplace is incredibly complex and in a constant flux. If you are not able to adapt to the changing times, you won’t be able to last. Things like technology are continuously making changes to industries from taxi driving (Uber and self-driving cars, for example) to cooking (takeaway systems and 3D-printing, for instance).You must be resilient and flexible to navigate in an environment like this. If you are afraid of change and not able to adjust to it, you won’t be a valuable member of the team. Employers don’t have time to waste and time to wait for people to adapt with the times.This kind of flexibility also means you have to be a creative person in a sense. You must be able to think outside the box and to see what lies ahead before it’s clear to others. If yo u are able to be an employee who not just adapts and embraces change, but is at the forefront of it, you will find many opportunities in the modern workplace.It’s important to stay hungry in terms of knowing your industry inside out. You should be constantly looking to improve your skills and develop your own thinking. If you do this, then you will automatically become more flexible and creative â€" you will understand that there are always different solutions and outcomes.SOFT SKILLS CAN HELP YOUR CAREER REACH THE NEXT LEVELThe importance of soft skills is immense in the current work environment. If you want to elevate your career or make it easier for the employer to hire you, you need to pay attention to your soft skills â€" you need to show you are a good fit in the workplace and that your characteristics will benefit the team.Just as you want to ensure your technical skills are what the employer wants, you also want to highlight your soft skills. These little details like you r ability to communicate and solve problems that can give you an edge over other candidates. You might all have the same skills to write code but you might not all be as good in helping the team to succeed â€" that’s why soft skills matter.

Role Of Public Administrators During Protecting Civil...

Role of Public Administrators in Protecting Civil Liberties My overall reaction to the article written by Greenblatt, (2013), surrounding free speech was that of dismay because I would think that people would know what to say and what not to say. However, after reading the article, clearly with cyberspace it opens up several doors for hate speech, it opens door for people to just say anything without thought of being offensive or not, hateful or not, just because they can say it. According to Carter, (2012) there are positive and negative liberties. The article references free will and autonomy as it relates to two distinct kinds of liberty. They can be viewed in the political realm and seen as rival, incompatible interpretation of a single political ideal. As such with â€Å"freedom of speech†. Further, the article discusses political liberalism idea of liberty is that one claim to be in favor of a liberty then they should oppose limitations on activities of the state. The opposing view (negative) is the pursuit of liberty is self-realization or self-determination and can require state intervention which is not normally allowed by liberals. In essence it is about interference and who is at liberty to do whatever without interference. Looking at freedom of speech from this lens I would say collectively what is best? Though, In the US, we supposedly have freedom of speech supposedly that too is limited. There are certain things that I cannot say post 911. If I tweet orShow MoreRelatedDemocracy And The American Dream1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe whole population of a state, typically through elected members. The original idea of democracy that America’s Founding Fathers promoted has shifted throughout the years. America was founded on the principles of freedom and liberty and many of these freedoms and liberties are being stripped away, or are at risk of being stripped away, by the American government. America is no longer a democracy, but it is an oligarchy. America is considered an oligarchy because of one reason, and that reason isRead MoreThe Government Of The People1353 Words   |  6 Pagesthe whole population of a state, typically through elected members. The original idea of democracy that America’s Founding Fathers promoted has shifted throughout the years. America was founded on the principles of freedom and liberty and many of these freedoms and liberties are being stripped away, or are at risk of being stripped away, by the American government. America is no longer a democracy, but it is an oligarchy. America is considered an oligarchy because of one reason, and that reason isRead MorePresident of the United States and Civil Liberties Essay3182 Words   |  13 PagesSenate as the upper house. †¢ Both the Assembly and the US House are led by a Speaker. 3. Define agenda setting in general terms demonstrate how congressional leaders set Congresss agenda as well as how the mass communications media set the public agenda. 4. Do interest groups allow greater representation for citizens or do they inevitably allow small well organized groups to prosper at the expense of everyone who pays taxes? - They allow greater representation for particularRead MoreEssay about Should Public Schools Install Video Surveillance Cameras?1873 Words   |  8 Pagescameras. Besides academics, protecting the students at school is a top priority to many parents, school administrators and teachers. Incidents of violence are gangs’ activities, drug deals, theft, assaults, and defacement of school property. These occurrences are taking place in some form in every school campuses. To aide in the defense of school violence, many schools are installing or adding video surveillance cameras. This leads to the topic question: Should Public Schools install Video SurveillanceRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 PagesJefferson was given the primary responsibility for drafting the Declaration of Independence. What were the main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence? The main ideas expressed in the Declaration of Independence were individual rights and liberties and the duty of the government to protect them. The Articles of Confederation specified that the United States would be which form of government? The Articles of Confederation specified that the United States would be a republic. What concernedRead MoreThe Importance Of Selecting And Hiring Qualified Professionals2563 Words   |  11 Pagesshould involve the basic hiring criteria, and including knowledge in areas that could be irrelevant with critical thinking and patient needs. In health care, professionals deal with situations and dilemmas that are not usually experienced by general public. This includes the necessity of taking into consideration, the common good of all patients, hence the branch of medical ethics called applied ethics, meaning that it deals with the field of practical application of moral standards that is beneficiaryRead MoreEssay on Workplace Privacy3099 Words   |  13 PagesI am also responsible for finding solutions to those conflicts. Recently, I was charged with the task of finding a solution to a problem we (as a chapter) had never dealt with before. The American Red Cross is an apolitical organization. During the recent elections, a supervisor in my office sent out emails to many of our colleagues and her friends stating her opinion regarding Proposition 22 (the proposition referring to the status of gay relationships). She was strongly against the issueRead MorePublic Administration Under the King Ashoka4145 Words   |  17 Pagesofficers took care of all aspects of administration (social welfare, economy, law and order, military) in the different zones. The official ladder went down to the village level. The war with Kalinga transformed Ashoka both on a personal as well as public level. He made a number of changes in the administration. Ashoka introduced a new cadre of officials, by the name of Dhamma Mahamatta, who were sent across the empire to spread the message of Ashokas Dhamma (dharma). ASHOKAS DHAMMA As Ashoka becameRead MoreHow to Manage the Use of Force Ethical Issues3149 Words   |  13 PagesHow to Manage the Use of Force Ethical Issues Abstract A growing concern in America is the unnecessary use of force police officers use on the innocent or those in their custody. The role of the police officer carries both power and authority and the abuse of that power and authority raises issues society must face. This paper discusses the problem of officers who use unnecessary force, what managers and executives are doing to deal with this problem and the ethical dilemmas associated with theRead More The Removal of Prayer from Public Schools Essay4217 Words   |  17 Pages The removal of prayer from public schools is a very controversial and misunderstood debate. This paper will address the history of the debate, common myths and misunderstandings, and the current trends. History of the Debate: Public schools originated in 1647 in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and soon spread across New England. They began with an elementary school for every fifty families and a Latin school for every one hundred families. Their mission was to

Personal Statement Human Resources - 1042 Words

Human resources isn’t one of those careers little kids want to go into when they grow up. It is nothing like being a firefighter, police officer, doctor, or scientist. Looking back I realize that my interest in HR goes all the way back to middle school. My mother works at a hospital in their employee health services department and thought it would be a good idea for me to volunteer there. I worked in various departments throughout the hospital over the course of four summers, but my favorite, by far, was employee health services. I didn’t do much, aside from file and occasionally answer the phone, however I observed much of what the department did. They were heavily involved in the hiring and training of new employees, as well as helping resolve issues current employees were having. As I grew older, I developed more of my â€Å"people skills† and became more experienced in resolving conflicts I had, as well as of those around me. I joined the swim team and was elected captain during my senior year of high school. I was a terrible swimmer so this captaincy had very little to do with my swimming skills, and more to do with my empatheti c personality and ability to motivate others. I thrived as captain. I loved leading my team and helping resolve conflicts whenever they cropped up. Being captain of the swim team was one of my favorite high school experiences. Once I graduated, I was unsure what I wanted to go into. I threw some environmental science major down on my applicationShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : Human Resource Management1332 Words   |  6 PagesI strongly believe that every success begins sequentially with a dream, a plan, and confidence in your skills obtained through past experiences. I secondly believe that your career choice should reflect the life you lead. I have chosen Human Resource Management (HRM) as my career path because of my life experiences, research, and previous collegiate courses which have all shown me the power and importance of HRM. Through these experiences I have not only gained my life goals, but some of the necessaryRead MoreRecruiting, Hiring, Evaluating, and Compens ating1194 Words   |  5 Pagesincluding using the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), using an analysis questionnaire, observation and interviewing. While doing my research there are other informal ways to conduct a job analysis and it depends on the amount of time and resources allowed and the type of job position. Conducting a job analysis is important because it makes sure that the job description is accurate while being in compliance with legal and professional guidelines. It also helps the selection process be moreRead MoreAnalysis Of Adp As A System For Federal Mogul1088 Words   |  5 Pagessoftware of the ADP system, let’s examine ADP as a Human Resource Information System, or HRIS for short. A great HRIS system provides critical data about the human resource function of the business as well as helping to create a follow through on the business’s mission and goals. HRIS systems help to reduce organizational costs by contributing to the efficiency of the human resource management function. HRIS systems help to automate critical human resource management functions (Chauhan, Sharma, TyagiRead MoreGfsgsdf Hshsdfshfd Sdhgw1479 Words   |  6 PagesCERTIFICATE/DIPLOMA IN IT BUSINESS RESOURCES D/502/5409 LEVEL 3 UNIT 30 GUIDED LEARNING HOURS: 60 UNIT CREDIT VALUE: 10 BUSINESS RESOURCES D/502/5409 LEVEL 3 UNIT 30 PURPOSE OF THE UNIT The unit looks at how a range of resources including human, physical, technological and financial resources are used and managed within business. This unit will help the learner to have an understanding of how human resources are managed and of the employability and personal skills required of personnel inRead MorePortfolio1458 Words   |  6 Pageskey conclusions about this crazy module and about the things that did indeed strike me. Back at the Crossroads! 1. â€Å"The assets of the three richest people in the world match the combined annual GDP’s of the 48 poorest countries.† My personal opinion on this statement is most closely described by: a. Good for them – they worked hard to get their wealth b. The only problem I have with this is that this money is in their bank account and not in mine c. No problem with this – many of these people giveRead MoreEmployee Privacy Rights Human Resource managers and their staff members have to be sure to be up to600 Words   |  3 PagesEmployee Privacy Rights Human Resource managers and their staff members have to be sure to be up to date on all of the pertinent laws and regulations so that they can recognize the importance and need for discretion when handling all types of information about employees of the organization. The federal Privacy Act of 1974 heightened awareness and increased attention to privacy with regards to identity theft in recent years. What this means is that while the act applies to almost exclusively maintainingRead MoreBusiness Planning And Decision Making879 Words   |  4 Pagesplanning and decision making are mututal important in a business operation, many factors can contrubute to quality planning and decision making. Among all the factors, personal factors and environment factors are the two major topic in today’s business world. The purpose of this article is to take a deep look at what are the major personal and environmental facors in today’s business world that will positively influence the b usiness planning and decision making. To answer above questions, we should firstRead MoreEssay on Writing a Strong Nursing Resume1111 Words   |  5 PagesA hospitals human resource department handles hundreds of nursing resumes a week. A good portion of those resumes are for nursing occupations with a hefty percentage of qualifying applicants. A prospective applicant should consider ways to make his or her resume stand out from the rest of the pile. A nursing assistant scans each nursing resume through a computerized database, queries the database based on keywords assigned by the nursing supervisor, and assures that each resume meets the minimalRead MoreHow Effective Marketing, Financial and Human Resource Management Activities Could Be Expected to Contribute to Fitness Firsts Success.1496 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will be examining how Fitness First uses marketing, finance and human resource management to continually be an effective and sustainable sports organisation. Fitness First is the largest gym, health and fitness group in the world with more than 1.5 million members and over 550 fitness clubs. (www.fitnessfirst.co.uk, 2009) The Chartered Institute of Marketing defines marketing as â€Å"†¦the management process which identifies, anticipates and supplies customer requirements efficientlyRead MoreEssay about Legal Safety and Regulatory Requirements1121 Words   |  5 PagesLegal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements Alicia Race University of Phoenix Human resources in health care HCS/341 Michelle Calvin-Casey January 31, 2011 Legal, Safety, and Regulatory Requirements The legal, safety, and regulatory impact the human resource department greatly by ensuring that all employees are treated equally and fairly. The rights of both employer and employee are covered by several different entities such as the National Labor Relations Board, Equal Employment Opportunity

The Evolution of Chil Custody Arrangements Free Essays

The Evolution of Child Custody Arrangements Heather Gibson Southern New Hampshire University When a family splits, separates, divorces or a child is born out of wed lock for whatever reason one of the most difficult decisions to make are custody arrangements. Over the years the government has shifted its views from the child’s mother being the best fir for primary custody to â€Å"the best interest† of the child. What’s in the best interest of the child consists of both tangible and non-tangible things. We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of Chil Custody Arrangements or any similar topic only for you Order Now The necessities include the ability to provide food, shelter and a a safe environment are important but also the stability of the parent psychologically and their mental health also begins to become part of the importance to the child. The person who has legal custody over a child is the person who makes import decisions in the child’s life. The determination of who should have custody in a child custody battle has become highly problematic over the years. Maternal preference was given as the best fit for the child. The mother was deemed more nurturing and caring as a parent. The United States held this idea for many years. In the world around them women were fighting for equal rights and in turn making men equal in the work force as well as a parent. The increase of divorces in the mid 1900’s and women going in the workforce led to the courts deciding what was in the best interest of the child rather than who was more motherly and nurturing. Another change that came about was the idea of joint custody, rather than sole custody. Today child custody can be as simple as two parents making the decision to share custody or on the opposite end the legal batter of who’s the better parent. Forensic psychologists help in informing the judge of who (unbiased) is the better parent or if joint custody would work out for the best interest of the child. They go through different competency evaluations, may visit the home or investigate further to determine custody. Although it seems women are still chosen as the better parent trend have shifted and men have a better chance at sole custody. Another evolution that has evolved is the familiarization of gay rights as parents. It is still unclear as it is emerging but it is food for thought. How to cite The Evolution of Chil Custody Arrangements, Essay examples

Foundation For Toyota Best Automobile Brand -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Foundation For Toyota Best Automobile Brand? Answer: Introduction As the number of businesses increases globally, so is competition in every sector thus making research a fundamental requirement every business must conduct so as to retain its market position. The automobile industry has been at the forefront of this initiative due to the increasing competition as well as pressure from social, political and environmental fronts. This has resulted in Automobile companies needing to adopt major reforms aimed at addressing the concerns but these have only been possible through the application of in-depth research (Wickham, 2016). For this analysis, the company Toyota shall be analysed to determine research strategies applied by the company with regard to addressing social, political and environmental concerns raised in recent years. While the pressure has been intense on most automobile companies, Toyota has demonstrated the most adaptability with regard to adopting the changes thus making it the most suitable research subject to be used in this analysis. Toyota has been in operation since 1956 and grown to be among the largest automobile companies globally thus placing it at the forefront of addressing social corporate initializes (Chambers, 2018). The company has also experienced several scandals in the past which have highlighted the companys reputation which further makes the company attractive to perform an applied research study to determine important approaches adopted by the company to address the social, political and environmental pressures experienced by the company References: Wickham, H. (2016). ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. Springer. Chambers, J. M. (2018).Graphical methods for data analysis. CRC Press.

An Analysis of Fanons The Wretched of the Earth Essays

An Analysis of Fanons The Wretched of the Earth Essays An Analysis of Fanons The Wretched of the Earth Paper An Analysis of Fanons The Wretched of the Earth Paper Violence affects an individual not only in a physical way, but also on an emotional level as well. In Fanons The Wretched of the World On Violence, the essay presents the reasons and consequences of the presences of violence. Fanon states that decolonization thrives of the essence of violence. The colonist would not reach their goal for the colonized if it was not for the act of violence. He goes through the factors that remove individuality from the individual, such as the church and the process of decolonization. This inhibits the natives basic morals and throws him/her into a state of confusion. Fanon exhibits the relationship between the colonist and the colonized. He supplies one with all the deep emotions of both the colonist and the colonized. The tension between the two opposing protagonist is fabricated through his writing. (Fanon, 3) Finally, he reveals the motives behind the violence of both the colonist and the colonized. This violence comes from two polar ideas that cannot survive with the other still remaining. In Fanons writing, one really gets to know about the perspectives of an exploited species (Fanon, 1). Fanon describes these factors in such detail that it justifies the use of violence amongst the colonized. In Fanons The Wretched of the Earth On Violence, the essay describes how the colonist tries to force their realities on the native, and while doing that strips the native of his/her identity. This act of decolonization removes the emotional ties that the natives have to their previous culture and their nation. This colonial force causes tension between the colonist and the colonized. Fanon indentifies the church as an important factor of decolonization. Fanon compares the church to the pesticide DDT; he states that the church eliminates any opposing belief that the natives might have. This destroys the fundamental morals that make up an individuals identity. After Fanons comparison of the church and DDT, he states that the church does not call the colonized to the ways of God, but to the ways of the white man, to the ways of the master, to the ways of the oppressor. (7) This shows us how the colonist was trying to assimilate the natives to their way of life. After taking away the natives identity and stripping him of his dignity, the natives are left unstable with an unhealthy amount of scattered anger. This anger is developed because of the relationship between the colonist and the colonized. Fanon elaborates on the relationship between the colonized and the colonist throughout the essay. One needs to know the setting in each of these individual groups, before one can fully understand the relationship between the two. We will first start off by disclosing the world of the colonist. Fanon compares the life of a colonist to a structure; it shows the colonist ideas to be concrete and has a sense of order. One can really digest this thought through the colonist sector described as being protected by solid in a sector where the streets are clean and smooth. Fanon introduces the racist beliefs that the colonist world had. Fanon states You are rich because you are white; you are white because you are rich. (5) This statement shows that it was not just a class problem, but there was also a race issue as well. The colonist sector contrasts with the native sector which as Fanon describes as a place of chaos. The natives in this sector are born anywhere, anyhow. You die anywhere, from anything. (Fanon, 4) This shows the natives world to be unorganized and cramped, a place where no one has a face. When one has nothing and the desire for everything, the feeling on envy comes from an individual. (Fanon, 5) This puts the colonist on edge because he/her are constantly aware of the colonized wanting to take their place. (Fanon, 5, 23) The colonized motives are simply put when Fanon states What they demand is not the status of colonist, but his place. (23) This statement shows the enormous amount of tension that is between the colonist and the colonized. This presents the unfairness and exploitation that the foreigner (colonist) imposes on the original natives of the land. 5) This is a place where the colonist world is a slated, sluggish sector, its belly is permanently full of good things and the colonized world is a famished sector hungry for bread, meat, shoes, coal, and light. The colonizeds sector is a sector that crouches and cowers, a sector on its knees, a sector that is prostrate. (Fanon, 4, 5) The image Fanon paints for us, using a very powerful use of vocabulary, is extr emely vivid. One can almost feel the resentment that the colonized had towards the colonist, kind of a glimpse in to the unjust and unequal world of the colonized. One may also see how violence could be used as an output for this source of anger. The colonized were not violent before the colonist. It was the colonist who taught the colonized the use of violence. Violence is the main reason why the colonist was able to decolonize the colonized nation. Colonists are people who are born with the knowledge of their cramped world, riddled with taboos, which can only be challenged by out and out violence. (Fanon, 3) The colonist gained control of the colonized world through the use of violence. Fanon describes the colonist forcing their ideas on them using the mechanism of fear. He states that in the capitalist economy there are councilors, sermonizers, and confusion-mongers to make sure the exploited dont step out of line but in colonial regions direct intervention by the police and the military ensure the colonized are kept under close scrutiny and contained by rifle butts and napalm. (Fanon, 4) This is how the colonized were taught the use of violence. The colonized, as stated before, have many factors that cause him/her to have an enormous amount of resentment and anger inside. This use of violence is an output for this anger and resentment, as are other things. This process purges these emotions, so that an individual can feel stability again. Unfortunately, the colonized do not just use violence to act against the colonist but they also use violence against each other. This is shown through native tribal wars and fights. The use of violence is a way that the colonized use to fight against what the colonist has done to them and to rid of the exploding emotions of anger and resentment. The colonized had a very powerful reason for the use of violence, a reason full of hatred. This is understandable considering what the colonist put the colonized through on a daily basis. It is human instinct to fight back against what you think is unfair and unjust. It is reasonable to act on your anger and change it into violence, especially if thats all you have been taught. Fanon presents a mind -opening explanation of the colonized actions and feelings. He fabricates an essay that portrays violence as not only a physical force but also a emotional force as well.

Free Essays on The Force That Drove Salem

THE FORCE THAT DROVE SALEM In Peter Charles Hoffer’s book, The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History, Hoffer’s tell the story of the Salem Witchcraft Trials and how they came to be. His thesis stated that criminal justice in Salem was led by the belief of Puritanism and the fear of the Devil. He supports his thesis in may ways throughout this book. They are also some weaknesses to his story. The force that drove Salem was both the Devil and God. Hoffer’s thesis is supported in many ways throughout this book. Salem was a religious town and people were respectful of this religion of they would be accused a witch. The idea that God and the Devil drove Salem is supported right away from this example on page one: It was safer, at least for the time being, for God-fearing, churchgoing men, women, and children to declare that they had met the Devil and bowed to Him than to insist that they remained faithful to the Lord’s commandments. (Hoffer, 1) When trying the case of a 14 year old boy the magistrates in Salem came to the conclusion that, â€Å"The Devil made him do it. He was powerless before the onslaught of forces greater than any person could resist.† (Hoffer, 4). The idea that anyone who did not follow the Puritan belief or did something unreligious was led by the Devil, echoed throughout Salem. Everyone believed that the â€Å"cunning of witches came from a bargain with Satan† (Hoffer, 4). It was believed that the Devil sought out young children first and foremost which is why it was so easy to believe that these children had willingly or unwillingly made a pact with the Devil. When the girls are questioned, they immediately blame Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn out of their own fear of being named a witch. The girls accusation were similar so the town of Salem chose to believe them without even questioning their motives or the fact they may be lying. The councilors in court that were to hea r th... Free Essays on The Force That Drove Salem Free Essays on The Force That Drove Salem THE FORCE THAT DROVE SALEM In Peter Charles Hoffer’s book, The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History, Hoffer’s tell the story of the Salem Witchcraft Trials and how they came to be. His thesis stated that criminal justice in Salem was led by the belief of Puritanism and the fear of the Devil. He supports his thesis in may ways throughout this book. They are also some weaknesses to his story. The force that drove Salem was both the Devil and God. Hoffer’s thesis is supported in many ways throughout this book. Salem was a religious town and people were respectful of this religion of they would be accused a witch. The idea that God and the Devil drove Salem is supported right away from this example on page one: It was safer, at least for the time being, for God-fearing, churchgoing men, women, and children to declare that they had met the Devil and bowed to Him than to insist that they remained faithful to the Lord’s commandments. (Hoffer, 1) When trying the case of a 14 year old boy the magistrates in Salem came to the conclusion that, â€Å"The Devil made him do it. He was powerless before the onslaught of forces greater than any person could resist.† (Hoffer, 4). The idea that anyone who did not follow the Puritan belief or did something unreligious was led by the Devil, echoed throughout Salem. Everyone believed that the â€Å"cunning of witches came from a bargain with Satan† (Hoffer, 4). It was believed that the Devil sought out young children first and foremost which is why it was so easy to believe that these children had willingly or unwillingly made a pact with the Devil. When the girls are questioned, they immediately blame Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborn out of their own fear of being named a witch. The girls accusation were similar so the town of Salem chose to believe them without even questioning their motives or the fact they may be lying. The councilors in court that were to hea r th...

Nursing Eduaction Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Eduaction - Literature review Example Nursing programs have been implemented in various countries to adhere to set codes with the standards set in the organized system. In the planning of the lectures, there needs to be the careful planning of the available resources within these institutions to ensure best practice delivered to support the course. Without the paramount provisions, there may be reduced understanding of the course. Like the other professional courses, nursing has been regarded as a leading profession in the medicine industry because they offer the cushion needed to patients, and to the doctors whose services are immense within the hospitals. Nurses have been assigned particular roles in the treatment industry because of their involvement in ensuring security and sustenance of the patient. The delicate group has offered challenges in best practice and there needs to be the careful selection of strategies in implementing their curriculum. With the complex course increasing within the society, evidence has b een placed that, with the best teaching methods, successful nurses have been created. Best way to teach nursing lectures Before enrollment within a university that offers nursing course and lessons, the individual must be capable of handling designated duties to depict responsibility. The nurse bears the role of careful selection of methods that favor adequate conditions towards recovery. Nurses have been mandatory in the medical profession because they dedicate their effort to offering the needed base for easier performance within the institutions. The best nurses are those that have undergone through the needed learning and practice procedure to present measures that contribute to adequate service delivery. Before the individual is considered a qualified nurse, they must be accorded with the right documentation to prove their qualification to the profession. The licensure is gained after completing educational qualifications that are presented in accredited learning institutions. These guidelines have been the affirmative measures included in the state to stop under qualified individuals from offering the services. To achieve the license, there needs to be the development of best measures that promise to increase efficiency within institutions to ensure delivery of best nurses in the industry (Smith & Fitzpatrick 2006, p58). To qualify for the nursing profession, the requirements are varied for the existing nurses. Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) are required to complete an issued qualification in the formal education program with a suitable training program. The provision included to becoming advanced nurses has been included in holding the masters degree qualification. The organizations that offer the nursing profession in technical schools, community colleges and accredited institutions need to offer practical lessons in clinics and hospitals. This is mandatory to familiarize the candidate with the environment that they would work in after graduation. Ho wever, to present the desired experience, the students need to be motivated in a busy environment with tough situations. These may be through allocation to public hospitals as compared to private hospitals that hold the best facilities. The lesson in public hospitals may be added as compared to private with a few staff members to share the needed incentive. The assessment on the practical environment

Medtronics Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medtronics Case Study - Essay Example If skim through the problems, it can be said that what they needed the most was to prioritize their innovation projects. However, initially coordination among the departments is required. A firm is defined from a market because coordination, learning and communication is not doe physically but on a mental level too (Kogut, Bruce, and Udo, 1996). The functional manager, in the first place, should not have zeroed their attention on only their job description but, flow of ideas and communication was to be regulated. Their second and most crucial complication was product development. (Leonard-Barton, 1992) talks about the core capabilities of a firm, which helps it to focus on the interaction with new product and process development projects. Thus, Medtronic should indulge technical systems, skills, managerial system and core rigidities to push out the innovation into the market. As knowledge is shared imperfectly across organization, employee, departments and market, ideas from one to another can solve innovation and development problem, but only if connection is prompt and timed (Hargadon, Andrew, and Sutton, 1997). Furthermore, as progress is made in product, it should be counterchecked at all crucial levels through speed, cost, innovativeness and quality. With the aid of these measures, company can make sure that the resources are available on time, every project is given attention one at a time, slow movers and lazy workers would not be tolerated and quality is above the consumer’s expectation. Furthermore, steps such as New Product Development (NPD) practices should be rigorously followed and Research and Development (R&D) departments needed to be given more recognition and awareness to innovate products (Wind, Jerry, and Vijay, 1997). Moving toward their last complication, the defaulted pace maker hinted that quality control and is direly needed in

Modern Role of Chiefs in Community Development

Modern Role of Chiefs in Community Development THE ROLE OF TRADITIONAL AUTHORITIES IN THE DECENTRALISATION OF POLITICAL POWER. A STUDY OF THE AKUAPEM TRADITIONAL AREA IN THE EASTERN REGION OF GHANA. AN OUTLINE OF A THESIS Introduction Background to the study Traditional governance system, is an age-old method by which the Indigenous people administered their own affairs prior to and after the advent of the Europeans into the region of modern Ghana. This system of governance is led by leaders multifariously referred to in English as chiefs, traditional authorities, tradi ­tional rulers, monarchs, kings, nobles, aristocrats, and natural rulers in a variety of African and other context. Traditional system of governance varies considerably among the different peoples that occupied the region of modern Ghana. While some groups developed very complex hierarchical structures, others had simple kin-based structure. Several definitions of traditional societies rely on the distinction between pre-colonial colonial and post-colonial times. For example, the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention no. 169 states that: â€Å"A people are considered indigenous either because they are descendants of those who lived in the area before colonization; or because they have maintained their own social, economic, cultural and political institutions since colonization and the establishment of new states. And according to the Martinà ©z Cobo Report to the UN Sub-Commission on the Prevention of Discrimination of Minorities (1986), indigenous peoples may be identified as follows: â€Å"Indigenous communities, peoples and nations are those which, having a historical continuity with pre-invasion and pre-colonial societies that developed on their territories, consider themselves distinct from other sectors of the societies now prevailing in those territories, or parts of them. They form at present non-dominant sectors of society and are determined to preserve, develop and transmit to future generations their ancestral territories, and their ethnic identity, as the basis of their continued existence as peoples, in accordance with their own cultural patterns, social institutions and legal systems.† The office of traditional Authorities has been transformed as it has performed various functions back from the pre-colonial era through the colonial period to the present. Before the colonial period, traditional rulers had considerable influence and exercised considerable sovereignty within their areas of jurisdiction with their authority in both spiritual and secular matters. During the colonial period, they became virtual sub-agents of the colonial government in the areas of local government and judicial matters. In this period, various legislations and statutes enacted by the colonial authority prescribed the traditional ruler’s political role. Decentralization is basically described as the practice of the administration in a state by which considerable autonomy is given to sub-political governmental bodies at the local level to take decisions and implement programmes and policies. In Ghana it is also known as the local government system or the district assembly concept. The idea behind this system is to get the local people to use local resources to develop their localities. The present local government system has three-tier structure comprising the Regional coordinating council, the District assemblies and the Area, Town and Village Councils or Unit committees. Although the local government system in Ghana dates back to the colonial era, precisely 1859 when the first Councilors for James Town, Accra were elected, the current system is only a few years old precisely 1988 when the PNDC L207 was passed. The 1992 fourth republican constitution of Ghana gives credence to the system under chapter 20 with the title Decentralization and Local Government. The local government act 462 of 1993 has replaced the Local government Law 207 0f 1988. The head of the local government institution is the Minister who is charged with the responsibility of overseeing the operations of the institution. Traditional authority also known as the chieftaincy institution has lived on in Ghanaian society and is still a vibrant force in many ways. However Since independence in 1957, there has been little, if any, effective participation of chiefs in decentralization in Ghana. Indeed, the relationship between chiefs and local government units has been ill-defined, even though the history of local government cannot be written without the institution of chieftaincy. Even though some people argue that chieftaincy and modern local government are incompatible, one should not lose sight of the fact that the deep cynicism of some Ghanaians about politicians and their promises have compelled them to find in traditional authorities something that is â€Å"reassuring rather precisely because of its ambivalent position in what has become the disturbing discourse of failing modernity† (Rathbone, 2000: 164). Traditional Authorities in some time past were involved in local government functions like local development under the Native Authority System during the colonial days. Similarly, during the post-colonial period, the role of traditional Authorities in local governance and development has not been questioned The Ghanaian Constitution recognizes and protects the office of traditional Authority, thus creating a parallel system of governance. In fact, the Constitution forbids the Parliament from making laws that interfere with the chieftaincy institution. Statement of the problem. The office of the traditional Authority has evolved right from the pre colonial period through the colonial era to the establishment of party politics within the region of modern Ghana. Indeed, in Ghana, the institution dates back several centuries and remains the prime custodian of Ghanaian culture. The institution is much revered and held in awe since it provides a renewed sense of belonging as well as being a Powerful agent of social cohesion and harmony. Traditional Authorities are expected to play Lead role in fighting for social, economic and political development of their people and perform arbitration and representational roles as well as have the potential to facilitate accountability to their people. Perhaps these roles have been summarized by the Asantehene, Otumfuo Osei Tutu II (2002). our predecessors engaged in inter-tribal wars, fighting for conquest over territories and people. Today, the war should be vigorous and intensive against dehumanization, poverty, marginalization, ignorance and disease†¦ Chieftaincy must be used to propel economic development through proper lands administration, through facilitating investments in our communities, and through codification and customs and traditions making it impossible for imposters to get enstooled and creating unnecessary situations for litigation. However modern democratic dispensations has restricted the role Traditional Authorities to acting Custodians of tradition and culture as well as the embodiment of the spirit of the ancestors and a link between them and the living Community. Ironically, democratic governance in Ghana, in all ramifications, draws its strength from the traditional governance structure and it is fair to say that national politics would not be this tolerant were it not for the effective and impartial handling of the people by Traditional Authorities, particularly when one considers the stabilizing role they play during national and local elections. Bothtraditionalists and modernistsoften see traditional authority and elected political leaders competing for power in the community. The struggle between the two for political power and legitimacy is seen as a zero-sum game. This is because whatever powers a traditional Authority wrenches from the state is considered as a loss for state leadership. Far from being in competition with elected leaders for the public’s regard, traditional leaders and elected leaders are seen by the public as two sides of the same coin. Popular evaluations of both traditional and elected leaders depend on the leader’s leadership skills. An individual’s level of modernization plays a much smaller role in shaping perceptions of traditional authority. There has been the lack of empirical evidence concerning popular perceptions of how traditional leaders support elected leaders in a democratic system of governance. There is the question as to how much space traditional Authorities should be given within the context of modern democratic decentralization in Ghana. This is because since independence Traditional Authorities have lost virtually all the formal governmental, Judicial and other roles they played before, during and after colonial rule. Nevertheless their status and autonomy is guaranteed under the 1992 constitution of Ghana. Yet not all politicians in Ghanaian society see it as legitimate or are prepared to allow it to work. Even where the legitimacy of traditional leaders is not challenged, their mode of selection and the way they carry out their functions often generate deep concerns. Therefore there are no simple solutions to the question of how to define the role of Traditional Authorities in the decentralisation of pow er in the Ghanaian political systems. Individual local context is important. With many modern and highly educated individuals now occupying positions as traditional leaders in Ghana, it should be possible for the national government to work with these traditional leaders for the development of the country. Significance of the Study The study will provide useful information on the modern role of chiefs in community development. Chieftaincy no doubt is one of the most enduring traditional institutions in Ghana, which has displayed remarkable resilience from pre-colonial through colonial to postcolonial times. Nowadays, chiefs are under pressure to achieve good governance in their traditional areas. They are challenged to integrate tradition and modernity, a process about which there is considerable debate. Also the study will help to identify the role of traditional leaders in the decentralisation of power and demonstrate their active participation in the political development of their communities. Finally study will also add to the knowledge base on the role of traditional Authorities in an increasingly globalised world where the accent is on democracy, human rights, health delivery, and human development and discover if Traditional rulers have really outlived their usefulness. Their ability to come to terms with these challenges will provide an indication of their relevance. Purpose of the study/ Objectives The main objective of the study will be to examine the role of Traditional Authorities in the local governance process in the Decentralisation of power. A study of the Akuapem Traditional area of the Eastern region of Ghana. The specific objectives will include the following. To reveal and analyze the political role of traditional leaders in the decentralisation of Power in democratic Ghana to achieve good governance. To discover the extent of which elected or appointed governments officials allow themselves to be closely linked with the traditional leaders in the political development of the community. To find out the involvement and recognition of traditional Authority in the political process of Ghana’s young democracy in the local area. To discover the relevance of the role of Traditional authorities in the decentralisation of power and how the government can support them without pushing them to oblivion. Access and make recommendations on how Traditional Authority can be incorporated into the formal local government system Research Questions The following research questions will inform the study. What are the roles of traditional Authorities in the decentralisation of power in attaining good governance and political stability? To what extent do elected or appointed governments officials allow themselves to be closely linked with the traditional leaders in the political development of the community. How relevant is the role of traditional Authorities in the decentralisation of power. What kind of institutional framework will help to promote the integration of Traditional Authority into the formal district assembly structure? REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction This chapter examines theories, perspectives, conceptions and models on development, endogenous development, good governance, traditional authorities and local governance. It ends with a discussion of the synergy model of traditional authorities and formal government that will be suitable for the study. Relevant literature will be reviewed. Decentralization is defined as â€Å"any act in which a central government formally cedes powers to actors and institutions at lower levels in a political-administrative and territorial hierarchy† (Ribot 2001: v., citing Mawhood 1983 and Smith 1985). Three main types of decentralisation are commonly identified: †¢ administrative decentralisation or deconcentration i.e. the re-location of branches of the central state to local areas, entailing a transfer of powers to locally-based officials who remain part of, and upwardly accountable to, central government ministries and agencies; †¢ Fiscal decentralisation i.e. the transfer of fiscal resources and revenue-generating powers, inclusive of authority over budgets and financial decisions, to either deconcentrated officials and/or central government appointees or to elected politicians;1 †¢ Political decentralisation or democratic decentralisation or devolution (of power) i.e. the transfer of powers and resources to sub-national authorities which are â€Å"(a) largely or wholly independent of the central government and (b) democratically elected† (Manor 1995: 81-2).2 METHODOLOGY This section will discuss the research design and the methods that will be adopted for collecting and analyzing data. It will also deal with the research design, validation and reliability instrumentation, population, sample and sampling procedures or techniques to be used for the research. Research Design For the approach of the study, a case study will be used as the research design type. According to Babbie (2007:298) a case study is â€Å"the in-depth examination of a single instance of some social phenomenon, such as a village, a family, or juvenile gang†. Also in Wisker (2008:210), Robson (1993:52) opines that a case study is â€Å"a strategy for doing research that involves empirical investigation of a particular contemporary phenomenon in its real life context using multiple sources of evidence†. From the two definitions, common features that can be identified are that a case study focuses on a single instance or a particular phenomenon and the in-depth and empirical study of such a phenomenon. The study will also employ the use of descriptive, explorative and cross sectional survey as well as the use of multiple sources of evidence to conduct the study. Population The targeted population will be natives and residents in the Akuapem Traditional area. Sample The sample will be made up of 200 people. The target population will be the of heads of households, traditional authorities and local government officials which will be put into groups of three. Five communities will be randomly sampled from the Akuapem Traditional area. Sampling Technique As a qualitative research, it will involve techniques such as the use interviews, administration questionnaires, and focused group discussion. The interviews will be transcribed coded and analyzed. In selecting participants for the study the researcher will make use of purposive sampling technique. Instrumentation In conducting the study, the researcher will employ conversational interviews for the collection of data. This conversational style of interview will be appropriate and effective because the respondents will feel free to share their views. The interview section will help the researcher to elicit information from direct person- to – person encounter. The interview will be structured and unstructured. This will help the researcher to learn enough so as to formulate questions for subsequent interviews (Merian,Page 75). Data Collection Procedure and Method A questionnaire and interview guide will be administered. Largely data that will be collected will be presented and analyzed qualitatively. Thesis Structure/Organization of the study This study will be organized into five chapters. Chapter one will be made up of the introductory overview of the whole study. This will include the background to the study, statement of the problem, objectives of the study, research questions and the relevance of the study. Chapter Two will be the review of relevant literature related to the study as well as the theoretical and conceptual issues. Chapter Three will be the research methodology, which will include the description of the study area, target population, sampling procedures, data collection techniques, data analysis and limitations of the study. Chapter Four will present the results of the study. And finally Chapter five will provide the summary of findings, conclusions and recommendations. RESULTS AND FINDINGS PROBLEMS/OPEN QUESTIONS REFERENCES K.A Busia, The Position of the chief in the Modern Political System of Ashanti. London: Frank Cass Co., 1968),p.,15. Boafo-Arthur, K. (2006) â€Å"Chieftaincy in Ghana: Challenges and Prospects in the 21st Century†, in Irene Odotei and Albert Awedoba (eds.) Chieftaincy in Ghana: Culture, Governance and Development (Accra: Sub-Saharan Publishers), pp. 145-168. Ghana, Republic of (1992) Constitution of the Republic of Ghana, 1992 (Ghana Publishing Corporation: Tema). Ghana, Republic of (1994) Local Government (Urban, Zonal and Town Councils and Units Committees, (Establishment) Instrument, 1994 (Ghana Publishing Corporation: Accra) Owusu, M. (1989) â€Å"Rebellion, Revolution, and Tradition: Reinterpreting Coups in Ghana†, Comparative Studies in Society and History, Vol. 31, No. 2 (April): 380-392. Otumfuo Osei Tutu II (2002) Cited in Kojo Yankah, Osei Tutu II: Tradition in Modern Times, West Africa 29th April-5th May 2002, p. 11. Ray, D.I. (2003a) â€Å"Chiefs in Their Millenium Sandals: Traditional Authority in Ghana – Relevance, Challenges and Prospects†, In Wisdom Tettey, Korbla Puplampu and Bruce Berman (eds.) Critical Perspectives on Politics and Socio Economic Development in Ghana (Brill: Leiden), Chapter 10.

Methods of Interrogation Pows

METHODS OF INTERROGATION OF A PRISONER OF WAR Introduction 1. A ‘Prisoner of War’ is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The treatment of prisoners has always been matter of debate in the world and many declarations and resolutions have been made in this regard including Geneva Convention of 1949. War is a time of confusion and while many suffer from it, there are many who benefit in the fog of it. The military personnel, whenever caught, have to be treated as PsOW and they have certain rights and privileges.The enemy always utilizes this opportunity to the fullest and employs certain obvious and hidden methods to extract information from the PsOW. Rights of a POW 2. The POW can only be interrogated by following the rules and regulations laid down in the Article (v) of Geneva Convention of 1949. A prisoner of war needs only to give his name, number and rank and must remain s ilent on all other matters and resist all enemy efforts to extract information from him. In case his rights are violated, the violators are subject to the provisions of international law and they may be tried by the international criminal court.Methods of Interrogation 3. A number of interrogation techniques have been used of approved for use. They include standard Army methods in compliance with the Third Geneva Convention, as well as other approaches which are either questionable or clearly exceed the strictures protecting POWs. Several of the latter may also violate other limitations outside the scope of human imagination. 4. Numerous devices may be effectively employed by the interrogator to establish mental contact or rapport with POW. At the outset it should be emphasized that the objective of an interrogation is seldom, if ever, to obtain an admission or a confession.The subject is interrogated for accurate and reliable information. Several common methods interrogation which are being used for the purpose by interrogators are briefly discussed below. (a)Show of Knowledge or â€Å"We know all†. In this method, the interrogator familiarizes himself with all available data on the POW and his unit or whatever subject is being explored. He asks questions to which he already has the answers and scornfully answers them himself when the POW hesitates. He is striving to convince the POW that he already knows all the POW does so that resistance is wasted effort.When the prisoner starts giving correct information and answers freely, a few â€Å"mystery† questions can be slipped in. Dummy questions should still be used from time to time to test the POW, to conceal from him the fact that he is giving new information, and to prevent him from realizing that he is â€Å"spilling the beans†. (b)Stool Pigeons. Enemies infiltrate their own men in the POW camps under the garb of PsOW from other units or services. They make PsOW discuss various aspects of service amongst themselves and extract information. (c)Consolation.Innocent looking folks like servants, guards, sweepers try to console the PsOW offer small favour and then make efforts to get the required information. (d)Bugging. The camps and residences etc of PsOW are bugged and their conversation taped. (e)Favours. Money and other Favours are offered and assurances given that no damage will be done to the individual, if he cooperates. (f)Recruitment. A few PsOW are recruited and then utilized for collection of information from other PsOW. (g)Direct approach. In this method the interrogator seemingly â€Å"lays the cards on the table†, apparently makes no attempt to hide the purpose of the questioning.This approach should be used only in cases where the interrogator assumes or knows that the person interrogated will not refuse to give information. (h)Rapid fire questioning. This method consists of a rapidly delivered series of questions which keeps the POW constantly o n the defensive and off balance thereby weakening resistance an/ or his determination to give evasive answers. When this approach is employed the POW often loses patience, becomes angry, offended, or confused, and begins to talk in self defense. (j)Emotional approach. This method consists of playing upon the emotions of a person in order to bring out the required information.When using this method, the interrogator creates an atmosphere of emotional confusion designed to reduce security consciousness. The emotional approach utilizes hate, revenge, fear, jealousy, sadness, pity, and similar emotions. It also exploits religious and patriotic feelings, sense of social duty, and other concepts based on emotional reactions. (k)Trickery. This method has an almost limitless number of variations. Its purpose is to cause the POW to divulge information without being aware of it, or without a conscious or willful choice in the matter. (l)Censoring.The mail of PsOW is censored. (m)Third Degree Methods. Third degree methods are used to break the PsOW. It is apparent from above that once captured as prisoner of war, the responsibility of a service person increases many folds and he must keep his mouth tightly shut to ensure that no information is leaked out. However, he must look normal and should not give impression of being in possession of full information. (n)Propaganda. The PsOW are given propaganda material to read, to hear from radio or from the TV to see to break them down and lower their spirits.This is done to bring their morale down to a certain level where they themselves will start giving information thinking their country might or already has lost the war. (p)Stupid interrogator. In this method the interrogator pretends to be a stupid individual with very little understanding of military or other matters. This device may have the desired effect of disarming the person interrogated. The POW is required to â€Å"explain† everything (Even inconsequential i tems) because the interrogator is so â€Å"stupid. † 5. Variations. Any of the usual methods may be varied in many ways.Here are some variations which might fit into any of the categories of the methods listed in Para 4above. (a)Sympathy. (b)Sternness. (c)Pride and ego. (d)National pride. (e)Face saving. (f)Bluff. (g)Fear. (h)Drawing attention away from the real object. (j)Threat and rescue. Conclusion 6. There are many others; in fact, the variety of methods is limited only by the initiative, imagination, and ingenuity of the interrogator. The interrogation method should be tailored to suit each individual case, and may be combined with other methods to suit special requirements.

Renaissance Women, Hallmarks, Art

The Hallmarks of the Renaissance a. Individualism b. Secularism c. Antiquity d. Skepticism 2. Renaissance Art Renaissance Women – Men married younger women – Resulted in many widows – Women could inherit property – In charge of nurturing children O Some say that's why the arts.. – Upper class women enjoyed high degree of freedom – Still expected to obey husbands- still unequal Isabella detest (First Lady of the Renaissance) – Window – Leader of Mantra – Patron of the arts – Founds school of girls O Liberal arts O Learn poetry and literatureO Dancing – O Music O To entertain Catherine De Medici – Italian married into – Three sons became king of France – Controls the law – Architecture O Wing to the Louvre Laura Cerate – University of Pravda O Moral education – Wrote letters about life Christine De Paisa – â€Å"The City of Ladies† O Should carve out own place in society O If they don't give place in society, should leave and create our own The Hallmarks of the Renaissance Antiquity: a renewed interest in ancient Greek and roman civilizations. Italians copied the ancient Roman lifestyle The study of the Greek and Roman classics led to humanism Humanism: the attempt to understand human nature through a study of pagan antiquity and Christian thought. – humanists believed that there were no limits to what human beings could accomplish- HUMANS CAN DO ANYTHING! Individualism: Medieval people usually saw themselves as members of a group. (Asia- group; West- themselves) – Renaissance people believed in individual will and genius. Secularism: One becomes concerned with materialism rather than religion. – People became more concerned about money and the accumulation of wealth.Interested in pleasure and the enjoyment of life on Earth Renaissance Art Anatomy – humanism – Humanism was represented by a renewed interest in man – Expressed in art through a renewed interest in anatomy – Dad Vinci – dissected corpses illegally! – Michelangelo sculpture of David demonstrates the detailed attention paid to anatomy O Classical Greek style Perspective – vanishing point – Disappearing lines – Horizontal lines Antiquity – Greek and Roman Allegory of Spring The School of Athens O Plato and Aristotle O World up and down – Reading – Discussions Love of Nature

Essay on Shakespeares Macbeth - The Mystery of Third...

Macbeth:nbsp; The Mystery of Third Murderernbsp;nbsp; Shakespeares play Macbeth incorporates many elements of mystery. nbsp;In particular, the mystery surrounding the identity of the Third Murderer in (III, iii, 79), which oddly enough has thirty-three lines in it, is a topic of debate in many conversations about Macbeth. The focus of this paper is on the identity of the Third Murderer and the facts and restrictions on the people suspected. Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, Ross, and the Weird Sisters all have surfaced as the most prominent choices for the true identity of the anonymous Third Murderer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The first person to come to mind when the identity of the Third Murderer is discussed, is Macbeth himself. Who better†¦show more content†¦Also, when the First Murderer is reporting to Macbeth, Macbeth asks if the duty had been done. Macbeths reaction to the report by the murderer is one of shock, definitely not the reaction it would have been if Macbeth were to partake in the event itself. Macbeth would not have asked if he had been there to witness and perhaps partake in the event. For these reasons and the fact that he would have to clean himself and get back to the banquet in time, Macbeth has too many restrictions for him to be the murderer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Another possibility of the identity Third Murderer is Ross. Ross changes allegiances many times in the play, and because of this, he can not have any limits placed on him to what he could and could not have done if this were being analyzed from a loyalty point of view. After all, Macbeth killed Duncan even though he was a loyal follower. Ross covers for Macbeth at the party by saying that Macbeth is ill and that he acts strangely like this occasionally. There would be no reason to cover for Macbeth unless he did not have prior knowledge to the event. According to an earlier scene, Lady Macbeth is the only person, who is aware of the murder to come, which also incriminates her. From another article in a newsgroup, the author points out a very interesting conspiracy that could possibly link Ross to the Third Murderer. He says, I think that the most effective theory as to whoShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Dramatic Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth1013 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Dramatic Use of the Supernatural in Macbeth Be sure to include the witches, the dagger, Banquos ghost, the apparitions and the Old man. There are many themes in Macbeth like ambition, loyalty and hypocrisy but Shakespeare has used the theme of the supernatural to create dramatic emphasis and suspicion. He has used the witches, dagger, Banquos ghost, the apparitions and the old man to create to add an element of the supernatural to Macbeth. 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